A Comparative Case Study on The Perceptions of Pre-School Teachers on Gender Roles and Practices

Authors

Keywords:

classroom practices, gender roles, preschool classroom, preschool teacher

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the perceptions of preschool teachers on gender roles and classroom practices in a comparative manner. Qualitative research method was used in this study. The participants of the study are preschool teachers working in Turkey and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. In this study, convenience sampling method was used. The study group comprised 21 preschool teachers volunteering to participate and provided written consent. The data were collected through an interview schedule that comprised 9 semi structured questions. The results obtained from teachers in Turkey and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus showed teachers showed gender stereotypical behaviors in their classrooms in both countries. According to the teacher perceptions, women are passive, fragile and emotional while men are independent and powerful. It can be concluded that teachers in both countries have practices aimed to prevent the development of gender prejudices in children.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Fatoş Silman

PhD
Full Professor
Cyprus International University, Department of Education Sciences 99258 Nicosia, TRNC
Cyprus

Elif Bozcan

Elif Bozcan PhD
Assistant Professor
Cyprus International University, Department of Basic Education 99258 Nicosia, TRNC
Cyprus

Nihan Koran

PhD
Assistant. Professor
Eastern Mediterranean University, Elementary Education Department, 99628, Gazimağusa, TRNC Cyprus,

References

Acker, Joan. From Sex Roles to Gendered Institutions. Contemporary Sociology, 21 (5) (1992).

Akman, Berrin., Necdet Taskın, Zeynep Ozden, Özlem Okyay, & Figen Cortu. Parents’ Views on The Appointment of Male Teachers in Turkish Pre- Schools. Education as Change, 18 (1) (2014): 21- 32.

Aksoy, Pınar. & Gülen Baran. A Study on Relationship Between Mothers’ Characteristics Regarding Gender Roles and Their Children’s Toy Preferences And Play Types. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 5(1) (2017):102-136. Available at www.enadonline.com. Accessed 12 March 2018.

Avcı, Neslihan. & Mehmet Toran. (eds.). Okul Öncesi Eğitime Giriş [Introduction to Pre-School Education]. Ankara: Eğiten Kitap 2012.

Aydilek Çiftçi, Münire. Peer İnteractıons And Toy Preferences of Preschool Aged Children as Functions of Their Parents’ and Teachers’ Gender Role Perceptions. Med dissertation. Adana: Çukurova University, (2011).

Bandura, Albert. Social Learning Theory of Aggression. Journal of Communication, 28 (3) (1978): 12-29.

Baran, Gülen. Development of Sex Roles And Sex Traits Stereotypes in 7-11 Year Old Children Attending Orphanages in Ankara. PhD Thesis. Ankara: Ankara University, (1995).

Bayramoğlu, Latife. Okulöncesi Dönem Çocuklarının Cinsiyet Rollerine İlişkin Algılarının İncelenmesi [An Examination of Perceptions Related to Gender Roles of Preschool Children]. MED Dissertation. Gazimagosa: Eastern Mediterranean University, (2015).

Berk, Laura. E. Çocuk Gelişimi [Child Development]. Yayına Hazırlayan Bekir Onur. Çev. Ali Dönmez. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi 2013.

Bern, Sandra. Lipsitz. Gender Schema Theory: A Cognitive Account of Sex Typing. Psychological review, 88 (4) (1981): 354.

Birey, Tegiye. & Mehveş Beyidoğlu Önen. Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Öğretmenlik: Öğretmenlerin Bakış Açısı [Gender and Teaching Profession: Perspectives of Teachers]. Post Araştırma Enstitüsü (Post Research Institute), (2013).

Burr, Vivien. Gender and Social Psychology. London: Routledge 1998.

Connell, Raewyn. W. Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve İktidar: Toplum, Kişi ve Cinsel Politika [Gender and Power: Society, Person and Sexual Policy]. (Çev.Edt.: C. Soydemir). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları 1998.

Creswell, John. Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (Translation Edt.: S. B. Demir, Translator: Y. Dede). Ankara: Eğiten Kitap 2014.

Demirgöz Bal, Meltem. Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliğine Genel Bakış [Overview of Gender Inequality]. KASHED, 1(1) (2014):15-28.

Dökmen, Zehra. Toplumsal Cinsiyet Sosyal Psikolojik Açıklamalar [Gender and Social Psychological Explanations]. Ankara: Sistem Yayıncılık 2004.

Driscoll, Amy. & Nancy Nagel. Early Childhood Education, Birth-8 (4th ed). Boston: Pearson Education Inc. 2008.

Eccles, Jacquelynne. Sue. & Blumenfeld, Phyllis. Classroom Experiences and Student Gender: are There Differences and Do They Matter? In LC Wilkinson & Cora. B. Marrett (eds). Gender Influences in Classroom Interaction. Orlando: Academic Press 1985.

Eğitimde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliğinin Geliştirilmesi Projesi-ETCEP. Okulların Toplumsal Cinsiyete Duyarlılık Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Başlangıç Durum Değerlendirmesi ve İhtiyaç Analizi Raporu [Project for Improving Gender Equality In Education. Evaluation of Schools in Terms of Social Sensitivity. Initial Status Assessment and Needs a Report] 2016. Available at www.etcep.meb.gov.tr. Accessed 16 March 2018.

Emilson, Anette., Folkesson, A. Mattias & Ingeborg Moqvist Lindberg. Gender Beliefs and Embedded Gendered Values In Pre-School. International Journal of Early Childhood, 48 (2016):225-240.

Eser, Metin. Ana Babaların Cinsel Kimlik Gelişimleriyle İlgili Tutumların Çocuğun Cinsel Kimlik Kazanmasına Etkisi 2008. [Attitudes Towards Parents' Sexual Identity Development Impact on The Child's Sexual Identity]. MEd Dissertation. Konya: Selçuk University.

European Commission Report. Gender Differences in Education: Measures and Current Situation in Europe. Publications of Education. France: Audiovisual Media and Culture Executive Agency 2010.

Gender Mainstreaming Law (Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus). (2015). Available at http://mevzuat.kamunet.net/mmd/tuzukler_htm/t/ Toplumsal%20Cins iyet%20E%C5%9Fitli%C4%9Fi%20%C3%87al %C4%B1%C5%9Ftay%C4%B1%20T%C3%BCz %C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC.pdf. Accessed 18 June 2018.

Gender equality commission. (2017). Available at https://www.lefkosabelediyesi.org/toplumsal- cinsiyet-esitligi-komisyonu/ Accessed 17 March 2018.

General Directorate of the Status of the Prime Minister. National Action Plan for Gender Equality (2008- 1013). Ankara: Prime Ministry General Directorate of the Status of Women 2009.

General Directorate of the Status of the Prime Minister. National Action Plan for Gender Equality (2014- 2018). Ankara: Prime Ministry General Directorate of the Status of Women 2018.

Göğüş Tan, Mine. & Nazlı, Somel. Eğitimde Destek Mekanizmalarına Yansımalarıyla Türkiye’de Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği [Reflections on Gender İnequality in Turkey to Support Mechanisms in Education]. Türkiye Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 38 (1) (2005):1-23.

Gray, Coletta. & Helen, Leith. Perpetuating Gender Stereotypes in the Classroom: A Teacher Perspective. Educational Studies, 30 (1) (2004): 3- 17.

Kanka, Margit., Wagner, Petra, Barbara, Schober & Christiane, Spiel. Gender-Stereotyped Attitudes in Kindergarten Students: A Multicasual Analysis. The European Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 8 (1) (2013): 1294-1299.

Knowles, Mariska., Jan, Nieuwenhuis & Brigitte, Smit. A Narrative Analysis of Educators’ Lived Experiences of Motherhood and Teaching. South African Journal of Education, 29(3) (2009): 333- 344.

İnceoğlu, İrem. & Elif, Akçalı. Televizyon Dizilerinde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Araştırması.[Research on Gender Equality in Television Series]. Tüsiad Publications 2018.

Lemmer, M. Elenor. Who’s Doing the Talking? Teacher and Parent Experiences of Parent-Teacher Conferences. South African Journal of Education, 32 (2012): 83-96.

Lessing, Ansie. & Marike de Witt. The Value of Continuous Professional Development: Teachers' Perceptions. South African Journal of Education, 27 (1) (2007): 53-67.

Marshall, Gordon. Sosyoloji Sözlüğü [Sociology Dictionary] (Çev., Osman Akınhay-Derya Kömürcü). Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat 1999.

Meece, Judith. L. & Denise Daniels, H. Child & Adolescent Development for Educators (3rd ed). China: McGraw-Hill 2008.

Merriam, Sharan. B. Qualitative Research: a Guide to Design and Implementation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass 2009.

Miles, Matthew, B. & Huberman, A. Michael. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Source Book.

London, UK: Sage 1994. Available at http://books.google.com.tr/books/about/Qualitativ e_Data_Analysis.html?id=U4lU_- wJ5QEC&redir_esc=y. Accessed 24 April 2018.

Oakley, Ann. Sex, Gender and Society. London: Routledge 1991.

Organisation for Economic co–operation and development- OECD. Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği. [Gender Equality]. OECD (2015). Eğitime Yön Veren Eğilimler, 7 (2015):1-12.

Paechter, Carrie. Power/Knowledge, Gender and Curriculum Change. Journal of Educational Change, 4 (2) (2003): 129-148.

Payne, Malcolm. Modern Social Work Theory (2nd ed). Chicago: Lyceum Books 1997.

Sak, Ramazan., Güven, Kızılkaya, Yakup, Yılmaz & Muhammet, Dereli. M. Çocukların Bakış Açısıyla Erkek ve Kadın Okul Öncesi Öğretmenleri [Male and Female Preschool Teachers from the Point of View of Children]. Journal of Sakarya University Faculty of Education, 29 (2015): 142-162.

Savinskaya, Olga. B. Gender Equality in Preschool STEM Programs as a Factor Determining Russia’s Successful Technological Development. Russian Education and Society, 59 (2017): 3-4.

Sayılan, Fevziye. Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Eğitim: Olanaklar Ve Sınırlar [Gender and Education: Opportunities and Boundaries]. Ankara: Dipnot Yayınları 2012.

Sayman, Donna. The Elimination of Sexism and Stereotyping in Occupational Education. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 15 (1) (2007): 19–30.

Sırmabıyıklı, Gizem. MEB Aile Eğitimi Programının Eğitim Materyallerinde Toplumsal Cinsiyet [Education Materials of MEB Family Education Program Gender]. MEd dissertation. Ankara: Ankara University 2017.

Solak, Gözde. Dünya Ekonomik Forumu Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği Raporu’ndan Dikkat Çeken 13 Bilgi 2017. [13 Striking Information from World Economic Forum Gender Inequality Report]. Available at https://listelist.com/cinsiyet-esitsizligi-raporu/. Accessed 16 March 2018.

Sönmez, Veysel. & Füsun, Gülderen Alacapınar. Örneklendirilmiş bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Sampled scientific research methods] (Expanded 3rd ed). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık 2014.

Streitmatter, Janice. Toward Gender Equity in The Classroom: Everyday Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices. NewYork: State University 1994.

Temiz, Zeynep. & Firdevs Melis, Cin. Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Cinsiyet Eşitliği Üzerine Betimsel Bir Çalışma [A Descriptive Study on Gender Equality in Preschool Education]. YYÜ Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (YYU Journal Of Education Faculty), 14 (1) (2017): 940-965.

Todor, Ioana. Gender in Education: Teacher Perspective. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 4 (12) (2010): 45-52.

Tombak, Ayşem. & Emine, Bayram Topdal, Kuşaklar Boyu Kadın Olmak [The Generation of Being a Woman]. Yaratıcı Drama Dergisi, 9 (17) (2014): 59-67.

Torgrimson, Britta. & Christopher, T. Minson. Sex and Gender: What is The Difference? Journal of Applied Physiology, 99 (2005): 785-787.

Turkish Industry, Business association-TUSIAD. Türkiye’de Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliği: Sorunlar, Öncelikler ve Çözüm Önerileri 2007. [Gender Inequality in Turkey: Problems, Priorities and Solutions]. Available at http://www.tusiad.org/tr/yayinlar/raporlar/item/36 67-turkiyede-toplumsal-cinsiyet-esitsizligi- sorunlar-oncelikler-ve-cozum-onerileri. Accessed 14 March 2018.

World Economic Forum The Global Gender Gap Report 2017. Available at http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_20 17.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2018.

Vatandaş, Celalettin. Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Cinsiyet Rollerinin Algılanışı [Perception of Gender and Gender Roles]. Sosyoloji Konferansları, 35 (2007): 29-56.

Yağan Güder, Sevcan. Okul Öncesi Dönemdeki Çocukların Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algılarının İncelenmesi [Investigation of Gender Perceptions of Preschool Children]. MED Dissertation. Ankara: Hacettepe University 2014.

Yıldırım, Ali. & Hasan, Şimşek. Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri [Qualitative Research Methods In The Social Sciences]. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık 2011.

Additional Files

Published

2019-12-02

How to Cite

Silman , F. ., Bozcan , E. ., & Koran , N. . (2019). A Comparative Case Study on The Perceptions of Pre-School Teachers on Gender Roles and Practices. Psycho-Educational Research Reviews, 8(3), 41 –. Retrieved from https://perrjournal.com/index.php/perrjournal/article/view/153