Psycho-Educational Research Reviews

Social Anxiety Among First-Generation and Non-First-Generation College Students

Ingrid Morales-Ramirez — 2024-08-01

Literature on social anxiety among college students, in particular, first-generation college students is limited. The purpose of this research study was to fill the gap in the literature, study how social anxiety variables are related, distinguish any differences in social anxiety variables that may exist among first-generation and non-first-generation college students, and indicate any gender differences in social anxiety among first-generation and non-first generation college students. The present research study focused on social anxiety in social situations, social anxiety in performance situations, and social anxiety based on cognition. Analyses indicated that a significant difference (F (3, 119) = 6.27, p < .001) exists among first-generation and non-first-generation college students in terms of social anxiety in social situations, social anxiety based on performance situations and social anxiety based on cognition; first-generation college students reported an increased level of social anxiety. Findings also indicated that social anxiety variables are related to one another. No significant finding was found in terms of gender differences in social anxiety for first-generation (F (3, 62) = .74, p > .005) or non-first-generation college students (F (3, 53) = .87, p > .005). This finding contradicts previous literature that states significant differences exist among genders.

English Language Teachers’ Occupational Stress Level and its Effects on their Self-efficacy in Teaching and Learning Environment

Manolya Sağlam — 2024-08-01

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between foreign language teachers’ occupatioal stress and its effects on their self-efficacy teaching and learning environment. This study includes 48 participants including English language teachers who have different characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, and year of experiences, working at different foundation universities in a city of Turkey. The data of this study was collected via Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale and the self-reported questionnaire. The findings of data were analyzed by SPSS statistics program and descriptive survey study. It was found that teachers’ occupational stress affect their self-efficacy in teaching and learning environment. Understanding the relations between teachers' self-efficacy and occupational stress is essential to view the challenges as opportunities for development. The findings emphasize the need of taking proactive measures to lower stress and provide a positive and qualified teaching and learning environment at the individual and organizational levels. A high level of self-efficacy may be developed and maintained by instructors who effectively navigate these challenges, which will ultimately enhance the training they give students as well as the instructors themselves.

The Prevalence of Cyber Harassment among Pre-university Students of Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria

Omowunmi Busola Adenaike — 2024-08-01

This study identified the forms of Cyber Harassment experienced by pre-university students of Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. Also, this study investigated the common perpetrators of cyber harassment against the students. This study also determined the coping strategies employed in dealing with cyber harassment. Finally, this study investigated the predictive ability of demographic variables on cyber harassment. The survey research method was adopted for this study. The population consisted of 2157 pre-university students of Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. A total of 912 students were selected as samples for this study. A questionnaire was used in collecting data for this study. The data collected were analyzed using Cluster Analysis, Frequency and Percentages, Relative Significance Index (RSI) and Regression. The results showed that the prevalent form of cyber harassment experienced by the students include social exclusion harassment, while visual/sexual and verbal/written harassments were also experienced by significant percentage of the respondents. Also, male and female co-students and friends are the most perpetrators of cyber harassment against the students. The result further showed that active ignoring, helplessness/self-blame were the most adopted strategies. While assertiveness, close support, technical coping and retaliation were moderately adopted. The result finally showed that students age, religion and family types predict students’ experiences of cyber harassment, while students’ sex did not. The study concluded that social isolation is the most experienced form of cyber harassment, while co-students and friends appeared to be the most perpetrators of cyber harassment against the students.

Analysis of Self-Compassion and Contribution in Post-Traumatic Growth using Multiple Regression Analysis

Abdullah Aldemir — 2024-08-01

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between self-compassion and contribution in post-traumatic growth. The study group consisted of 718 students studying at a university in the Central Black Sea Region in Türkiye, recruited with convenient sampling method. 61.8% (444) of the students were female and 38.2% (274) were male. The age range of the participants varied between 18 and 47, but the majority consisted of individuals between the ages of 20-29 (90.7%). Three-dimensional Contribution Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory and personal information form were used as data collection tools. According to the results, a positive and significant relationship was found between self-compassion and contribution, and between contribution and PTG. It was also found that contribution predicted Post Traumatic Growth. Suggestions were made to the researchers based on these results.