Parent-Child Attachment and Middle School Students' Depression: The Mediating Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Moderation of Emotion Regulation

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52963/PERR_Biruni_V13.N3.04

Keywords:

Parent-child attachment, Intolerance of uncertainty, Depression, Emotion regulation

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the mediating role of Intolerance of uncertainty and moderating role of emotional regulation in the effect of parent-child attachment on middle school students' depression. A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed, and 400 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 88.8%. Mplus7.4 was used to test for common method bias, SPSS 25.0 was used to perform descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis on the data, and Model 4 in the SPSS macro PROCESS program was used to test the mediation effect, and Model 14 was used to test the moderation effect. The results show that intolerance of uncertainty partially mediates the relationship between parent-child attachment and students’ depression. Results show that emotion regulation plays a moderating role in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and depression.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ali, E., Letourneau, N., & Benzies, K. (2021). Parent-Child Attachment: A Principle-Based Concept Analysis. SAGE Open Nursing, 7. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608211009000

Andrews, J. L., Li, M., Minihan, S., Songco, A., Fox, E., Ladouceur, C. D., Mewton, L., Moulds, M., Pfeifer, J. H., Van Harmelen, A., & Schweizer, S. (2023b). The effect of intolerance of uncertainty on anxiety and depression, and their symptom networks, during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04734-8

Aydın, G., & Ünlü Kaynakçı, F. Z. (2022). Mindfulness, Valuing, and Emotion Regulation in the Prediction of Psychological Distress among University Students. Psycho-Educational Research Reviews, 11(3), 623–635. https://doi.org/10.52963/PERR_Biruni_V11.N3.16

Bonanno, G. A., Pat-Horenczyk, R., & Noll, J. (2011). Coping Flexibility and Trauma: The Perceived Ability to Cope with Trauma (PACT) Scale. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 3, 117. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020921

Brown, A. M., & Whiteside, S. P. (2008). Relations among Perceived Parental Rearing Behaviors, Attachment Style, and Worry in Anxious Children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 263-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.02.002

Carleton, R. N. (2016). Into the unknown: A review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 39, 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.02.007

Carnahan, N.D., Carter, M.M. & Sbrocco, T. (2022). Intolerance of Uncertainty, Looming Cognitive Style, and Avoidant Coping as Predictors of Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19: a Longitudinal Study. J Cogn Ther 15, 1–19 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-021-00123-9

Chen, S., & Bonanno, G. A. (2021). Components of Emotion Regulation Flexibility: Linking Latent Profiles to Depressive and Anxious Symptoms. Clinical Psychological Science, 9, 236-251. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702620956972

Cooke, J. E., Kochendorfer, L. B., Stuart-Parrigon, K. L., Koehn, A. J., & Kerns, K. A. (2018b). Parent–child attachment and children’s experience and regulation of emotion: A meta-analytic review. Emotion, 19(6), 1103–1126. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000504

Dugyala, M. & Poyrazli, S. (2021). Social Anxiety, Depression, Coping Self-Efficacy, and Coping Strategies among College Students. Psycho-Educational Research Reviews, 10(3), 411–425. https://doi.org/10.52963/PERR_Biruni_V10.N3.26.

Eilert, D. W., & Buchheim, A. (2023). Attachment-Related Differences in Emotion Regulation in Adults: A Systematic Review on Attachment Representations. Brain Sciences, 13(6), 884. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13060884

Einstein, D. A. (2014). Extension of the transdiagnostic model to focus on intolerance of uncertainty: A review of the literature and implications for treatment.Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 21(3), 280–300. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12077

Ferreira, T., Matias, M., Carvalho, H., & Matos, P. M. (2023). Parent-partner and parent-child attachment: Links to children’s emotion regulation. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 91, 101617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101617

Galatzer-Levy, I. R., Burton, C. L., & Bonanno, G. A. (2012). Coping Flexibility, Potentially Traumatic Life Events, and Resilience: A Prospective Study of College Student Adjustment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31, 542. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2012.31.6.542

Gao, Z., Li, X., Xu, L. & Li, B. (2013). The role of emotion regulation flexibility in patients with depression. Chinese Journal of Health Psychology, 21(9), 1294-1296.

Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. The Guilford Press

Huang M, Tang G, Yi X, Sun S. (2014). Moderation and harmony: the role of emotion regulation flexibility. Chinese Social Psychology Review, Vol. 8 (pp. 88-112). Social Sciences Academic Press.

Hebert, E. A., & Dugas, M. J. (2019). Behavioral experiments for intolerance of uncertainty: Challenging the unknown in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 26(2), 421–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2018.07.007

Iwanski, A., Lichtenstein, L., Mühling, L. E., & Zimmermann, P. (2021). Effects of father and mother attachment on depressive symptoms in middle Childhood and Adolescence: The Mediating role of emotion regulation. Brain Sciences, 11(9), 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091153

Kamel, O. (2018). The Relationship between Adaptive / Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Cognitive Test Anxiety among University Students. Psycho-Educational Research Reviews, 7(1),100 –105. https://www.perrjournal.com/index.php/perrjournal/article/view/253

Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306

Rodrigues, G. A., Obeldobel, C. A., Kochendorfer, L. B., Brumariu, L. E., Fareri, D. S., & Kerns, K. A. (2024). Parent-child attachment security and depressive symptoms in early adolescence: The mediating roles of gratitude and forgiveness. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 55(1), 262–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-022-01394-9

Saad, M. A. E. ., & Omaima , M. K. (2020). Arabic Adaptation of Adolescents Version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Validity and Reliability. Psycho-Educational Research Reviews, 9(1), 61–65. Retrieved from https://www.perrjournal.com/index.php/perrjournal/article/view/142

Sahib, A., Chen, J., Cárdenas, D., & Calear, A. (2023). Intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation: A meta-analytic and systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 101, 102270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102270

Specker, P., Sheppes, G., & Nickerson, A. (2024). Does Emotion Regulation Flexibility Work? Investigating the Effectiveness of Regulatory Selection Flexibility in Managing Negative Affect. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 15(5), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231189002

Spruit, A., Goos, L., Weenink, N., Rodenburg, R., Niemeyer, H., Stams, G. J., & Colonnesi, C. (2019). The Relation Between Attachment and Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 23(1), 54–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-019-00299-9

Tezi, Y.(2022) Investigation of the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and psychological distress among university students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Doctoral thesis.

Yin, H., Qian, S., Huang, F., Zeng, H., Zhang, C. J. P., & Ming, W. (2021). Parent-Child attachment and social adaptation behavior in Chinese college students: The Mediating role of school bonding. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.711669

Yildiz, B., & Iskender, M. (2021). The Secure Attachment Style Oriented Psycho-Educational Program for Reducing Intolerance of Uncertainty and Academic Procrastination. Current Psychology, 40, 1850-1863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0112-4

Yüksel, B. (2014). Attachment, Positive and Negative Emotion Regulation, and Intolerance of Uncertainty in Anxiety: Searching for an Integrative Model. Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Hacettepe

Zhang, M. (2019). The influence of uncertainty tolerance on adults’ emotion regulation flexibility. Master’s thesis, Guizhou Normal University.

Zdebik, M. A., Moss, E., & Bureau, J. F. (2018). Childhood Attachment and Behavioral Inhibition: Predicting Intolerance of Uncertainty in Adulthood. Development and Psychopathology, 30, 1225-1238. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417001614

Zhou, X., Zhen, R., & Wu, X. (2020). Insecure Attachment to Parents and PTSD among Adolescents: The Roles of Parent–Child Communication, Perceived Parental Depression, and Intrusive Rumination. Development and Psychopathology, 33(4), 1290–1299. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420000498

Additional Files

Published

2024-12-22

How to Cite

Gomaa, O. M. K. (2024). Parent-Child Attachment and Middle School Students’ Depression: The Mediating Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Moderation of Emotion Regulation. Psycho-Educational Research Reviews, 13(3), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.52963/PERR_Biruni_V13.N3.04

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.