Parenting Styles , Self esteem and Depression among 14-17 years old adolescents in Egypt
Keywords:
Parenting styles, Self-esteem, Depression, AdolescenceAbstract
The purpose of this study was to explore variations in adolescent self esteem and depression as a function of parenting styles. Participants were 300 students , aged from 15-17 years , from prep and secondary schools located in Al Arish Governorate, Egypt . Participants completed measures of parenting styles , self esteem , and depression . Authoritative mothering was found to relate to higher self-esteem and to lower depression. Paternal parenting styles was also related to psychological adjustment, however, although the advantage of authoritative mothering over permissive mothering was evident for all outcomes assessed, for paternal styles the advantage was less defined and only evident for depression.Downloads
References
Achoui, M. (2003). Taa’dib al atfal fi al wasat al a’ai’li: Waqea’ wa ittijahat [Children disciplining within the family context: Reality and attitudes]. Al tofoolah A Arabiah, 16(4), 9-38. Al-Kaa’ki, (2000). Khatan ali’nath [Circumcision of females]. Al Sehah Al Nafseyah, 20, 17-18.
Al-Khawaja, M. (1999). Alshabab al A’rabi [Arab youth]. In K. Zakareya, (Ed.), Derasat fi almojtamaa’ al A’rabi almoa’aser [Studies in the contemporary Arab society] (pp. 255-304). Damascus, Syria: Al Ahali Publications.
Al-Mutalq, H. M. (1981) Ittijahat tarbeyat eltefl fi Almamlakah Al Arabeyah Al Soudeyah [Child education in Saudi Arabia attitudes]. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Sciences’ House for Printing and Publication.
Al-Teer, O. (1997) Al o’nf al o’sari [The family violence]. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Naif Arab Academy of Security Sciences, Center of Studies and Research.
Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994). Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10, 77–84.
Ang, R. P. (2005). Development and validation of the Teacher–Student relationship inventory using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The Journal of Experimental Education, 74, 55–73.
Axelson, J. A. (1999). Counseling and development in a multicultural society. Boston: Brooks/Cole.
Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding 3 patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75, 43–88.
Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monographs, 4, 1-103.
Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11, 56-95.
Buri, J.R. (1991). Parental authority questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Assessment, 57, 110-119.
Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65(4), 1111-1119.
Dwairy, M. (1997). Personality, culture, and Arabic society [in Arabic]. Jerusalem: Al-Noor.
Dwairy, M. (1998). Cross-cultural counseling: The Arab-Palestinian case. New York: Haworth.
Dwairy, M. (2004a). Parenting styles and psychological adjustment of Arab adolescents. Transcultural Psychiatry, 41(2), 233-252.
Dwairy, M. (2004b). Parenting styles and psychological adjustment of Arab gifted children. Gifted Child Quarterly, 48(4), 275-286.
Dwairy, M., & Menshar, K.E. (2006). Parenting style, individuation, and mental health of Egyptian adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 29. (1), 103-117.
Fershani, L. (1998) Almoa’amalah alwalideyah wattijahat ala’bnaa’ lelenjaz [Parenting styles and siblings need for achievement]. Unpublished master’s thesis, Algiers University, Algeria.
Glasgow, K. L. Dornbusch, S.M., Troyer, L., Steinberg, L. & Ritter, P. L. (1997). Parenting styles, adolescents' attributions and educational outcomes in nine heterogeneous high schools. Child development, 68, 507-529.
Hana, M. S. (1974) Bohoth fi asaleeb tanshea’at al sighar [Studies in youngs’ socialization styles]. Cairo, Egypt: Culture House for Printing and Publication.
Hatab, Z., & Makki, A. (1978). Al-solta el-abawia wal-shabab PLS. TRANSLATE. Beirut, Lebanon: Ma’had El-Inmaa’ El-Arabi.
Karavasilis, L., Doyle, A., & Markiewicz, D. (2003). Associations between parenting style and attachment to mother in middle childhood and adolescence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27,153–164.
Kauffman, D., Gaston, E., Santa Lucia, R., Salcedo, O., Rendina-Gobioff, G., & Gadd, R. (2000). The relationship between parenting style and children’s adjustment: The parents’ perspective. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 9, 231–245.
Lamb, M. E. (1986). The father’s role: Applied perspectives. New York: Wiley.
Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent- child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (4th Ed., Vol. 4, pp. 1–101). New York: Wiley.
Mahmoud, M. A. (1997). Al asaleeb al shae’ea’a liltanshea’ah al ijtimae’eyah fo al reef al Masri [Common socialization methods in the Egyptian countryside]. Cairo, Egypt: Al Markiz Al Qawmi Lilbohoth Al Ejtimae’eyah Wal Jinae’eyah.
Punamaki, R. L., Qouta, S, & El Sarraj, E. (1997). Relationships between traumatic events, children’s gender, and political activity, and perceptions of parenting styles. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21(1), 91-109.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
Sahrawi, M. (1998) Almoa’amalah alwalideyah mattijahat al abnaa’ nahwa altarbeyah albadaneyah [Parenting styles and children’s attitudes towards physical education]. Unpublished master’s thesis, Algiers University, Algeria.
Wu, P., Robinson, C. C., Yang, C., Hart, C. H., Olsen, S. F., Porter, C. L., Jin, S., Wo, J., & Wu, X. (2002). Similarities and differences in mothers’ parenting of preschoolers in China and the United States. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26, 481–491..
Zakareya, K. (1999) (Ed.). Derasat fi almojtamaa’ al A’rabi almoa’aser [Studies in the contemporary Arab society]. Damascus, Syria: Al Ahali Publications.
Zegheena, A. (1994). Asaleeb almoa’amalah alwalideyah mo’laqatoha waltawafuq alnafsi wal ijtimaa’I [Parenting styles and psychosocial adaptation]. Unpublished master’s thesis, Algiers University, Algeria.
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
