Do Teachers Experience Social Anxiety When Using Social Media?

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52963/PERR_Biruni_V12.N1.04

Keywords:

Social media, Social anxiety, Social media usage, Teachers

Abstract

This study aims to investigate teachers’ social media usage purposes and the association between these purposes and the social anxiety they experience while visiting social media platforms. In the study, a correlational research design and causal-comparative research design were employed. The participants of the study consisted of 322 teachers. Data were collected online during the 2021- 2022 academic year due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Two data collection tools were administered; the usage purposes scale of social networks and the social anxiety scale for social media users. The results reveal that teachers visited social media sites in order to mainly conduct research, partly to cooperate, to communicate, and to maintain communication, and to a lesser extent to share content and to entertain. In addition, teachers reported that they had mostly privacy anxiety and less anxiety caused by the shared content and self-evaluation while using social media. In addition, as teachers’ use of social media purposes increased, their social anxiety increased. Another critical finding of the study is that teachers’ education level is a significant predictor of their social anxiety.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aktan, E. (2018). Social media and social anxiety: A research on social media users. Journal of Selcuk Communication, 11(2), 35-53. https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.397272

Akbay, B. ve Kanadlı, S. (2019). Teachers' views on using social media as an educational tool. Journal of Advanced Education Studies, 1(2), 115-127.

Alimoradi, Z., Lin, C.-Y., Broström, A., Bülow, P. H., Bajalan, Z., Griffiths, M. D. & Pakpour, A. H. (2019). Internet addiction and sleep problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep medicine reviews, 47, 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2019.06.004

Alkış, Y., Kadirhan, Z., & Şat, M. (2017). Development and validation of Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 296-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.011

Alrasheedi, S. (2020). The effect of social media networking use in efl classrooms in Saudi Arabia: An argumentative review. International Journal of English Linguistics, 10(1), 241-254. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n1p241

Argın, F. S. (2013). Ortaokul ve lise öğrencilerinin sosyal medyaya ilişkin tutumlarının incelenmesi: Çekmeköy Örneği, (Publication No. 327660). [Master thesis, Yeditepe University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center, Turkey.

Arkan A. & Yünter S. (2018). Eğitim için sosyal ağlar. SETA Perspektif, 2-6.

Arslan A. (2015) Eğitim ve Öğretimde Sosyal Medyanın Kullanımı. In Büyükaslan A and Kırık A.M. (Eds), Sosyal Medya Araştırmaları 2: Sosyalleşen Olgular. (191-219). Çizgi Publications.

Aslan, A., & Yılmaz, T. K. (2021). Changes in safer internet use of children in Turkey between 2010-2015 and impact of contextual issues. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 9(1), 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17220/mojet.2021.9.1.238

Aslan, A., Turgut, Y, Göksu, İ., & Aktı Aslan, S. (2019). Examining children's media literacy levels and usage habits in terms of demographic variables. GUJGEF, 39(2), 793-815. https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.561190

Baloğlu, A. (2015). Sosyal medya madenciliği. Beta Publications.

Baran, E., & Correia, A. P. (2014). A professional development framework for online teaching. TechTrends, 58(5), 95-101.

Beck, A.T. (2005) Bilişsel terapi ve duygusal bozukluklar (Trans. A. Türkcan). Litera Publications.

Binark, M., Bayraktutan-Sütçü, G., & Buçakçı, F. (2009). İnternet kafelerde gençlerin oyun oynama pratikleri: Ankara mikro ölçeğinde etnografik alan çalışmasının bulgularının değerlendirilmesi ve yeni medya okuryazarlığı önerisi, Dijital Oyun Rehberi: Oyun Tasarımı, Türler ve Oyuncu. Kalkedon Publications.

Bonetti, L., Campbell, M. A., & Gilmore, L. (2010). The relationship of loneliness and social anxiety with children's and adolescents' online communication. Cyberpsychology, behaviour, and social networking, 13(3), 279-285. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0215

Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x

Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı- İstatistik, araştırma deseni, spss uygulamaları ve yorum (15th Ed). Pegem Akademi Pub.

Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (16th Ed). Pegem Publications.

Büyükşener, E. (2009, December 12-13). Türkiye’de sosyal ağların yeri ve sosyal medyaya bakış. [Conference presentation]. inet-tr’09 - XIV. Türkiye’de İnternet Konferansı Bildirileri, İstanbul, Türkiye.

Can, A. (2013). SPSS ile nicel veri analizi. Pegem Akademi Publications.

Caplan, S. E. (2006). Relations among loneliness, social anxiety, and problematic Internet use. CyberPsychology & behavior, 10(2), 234-242. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9963

Cengizhan, C. (2005). Öğrencilerin bilgisayar ve internet kullanımında yeni bir boyut: İnternet bağımlılığı. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 22, 83-98.

Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, S. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları (2nd ed.). Pegem Akademi Pub.

Demir, M. (2018). Sosyal medya üzerinden gerçekleşen öğretmen-öğrenci etkileşiminin örtük program açısından incelenmesi, (Publication No. 510194). [Doctoral dissertation, Inonu University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center, Turkey.

Demir, M. & Şad, S. (2019). Investigation of teachers’ and students’ reasons to interact and not to interact on social media in terms of hidden curriculum. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 346-360. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2019.19.43815-456001

Doğan, U., & Tosun, N. İ. (2016). Mediating effect of problematic smartphone use on the relationship between social anxiety and social network usage of high school students. Adıyaman University Journal of Social Sciences, 22, 99-128. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.66762

Eijnden, R. V., Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). The Social Media Disorder Scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 478-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.038

Erdoğan, İ. (2008). Öğrenmenin gücü. İstanbul: Alfa Publications

Erol, D. D. (2019, April 18-21). Selfie ya da dijital dönemde “varolmak”. [Conference presentation]. 3rd International Congress of Eurasian Social Sciences, Muğla, Türkiye.

Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook "friends:" Social capital and college students' use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143–1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x

Fox, A. & Bird, T. (2017). The challenge to professionals of using social media: teachers in England negotiating personal-professional identities. Educ Inf Technol, 22, 647–675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-015-9442-0

Fu, J., Xu, P., Zhao, L., & Yu, G. (2017). Impaired Orienting in Youth with Internet Addiction: Evidence from the Attention Network Task (ANT). Psychiatry Research, 264, 54-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres. 2017.11.071

Gülbahar, Y., Kalelioğlu, F., & Madran, O. (2010). Sosyal ağların eğitim amaçlı kullanımı. INET-TR 2010, İstanbul, Türkiye.

Hanraets, I., Hulsebosch, J., & de Laat, M. (2011). Experiences of pioneers facilitating teacher networks for professional development. Educational Media International, 48(2), 85-99.

Horzum MB (2010) Investigating teachers’ Web 2.0 tools awareness, frequency and purposes of usage in terms of different variables. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi 7(1), 603-634.

Hou, H. T., Chang, K. E., & Sung, Y. T. (2009). Using blogs as a professional development tool for teachers: Analysis of interaction behavioral patterns. Interactive Learning Environments, 17(4), 325-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820903195215

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2009). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003

Karagöz, Y. (2017). SPSS ve AMOS uygulamalı nitel-nicel-karma bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve yayın etiği. Ankara: Nobel Publications.

Karal H & Kokoç M (2010) Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal ağ siteleri kullanım amaçlarını belirlemeye yönelik bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education 1(3), 251-263.

Kim, W., Jeong, O. R., & Lee, S. W. (2010). On social websites. Information Systems, 35(2), 215-236.

Kim, H. J., Miller, H. R., Herbert, B., Pedersen, S., & Loving, C. (2012). Using a wiki in a scientist-teacher professional learning community: Impact on teacher perception changes. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 21(4), 440-452.

Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. S., & Chen, C. C. (2012). The association between internet addiction and psychiatric disorder: A review of the literature. European Psychiatry, 27(1): 1-8.

Konuk, N. (2019). Bir sosyal medya aracı olarak instagram kullanımı ve kişisel iletişim kaygısı üzerine üniversite öğrencileri ile araştırma. European Journal of Managerial Research (EUJMR), 3(4), 1-26.

Kross E, Verduyn P, Demiralp E, Park J, Lee DS, Lin N, et al. (2013) Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. PLoS ONE 8(8), e69841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069841

Laird T. (2014) Using social media I-education for classroom teaching, students learning and educator professional development. [Unpublished master thesis]. Queen’s University Kingston-Ontario, Canada.

Lanier Jr., C. D., & Saini, A. (2008). Understanding consumer privacy: A review and future directions. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 12(02), 1-31.

Leary MR. (1983) Social anxiousness: the construct and its measurement. J. Pers Assess, 47(1), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4701_8

Lin X, Li, S. & Qu, C. (2017) Social network sites influence recovery from social exclusion: Individual differences in social anxiety. Computers in Human Behavior, (75), 538-546. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.chb-.2017.05.044

Manprasert, M. K. (2017). Thai EFL learners’ and teachers’ perceptions on the teacher’s role in promoting English language learning autonomy with social media. [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation] Thammasat University.

Magsamen-Conrad, K., & Greene, K. (2014). Technology addiction's contribution to mental wellbeing: The positive effect of online social capital. Computers in Human Behaviour, 40, 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.07.014

Menteşe, M. (2013). Sosyal medya ortam ve araçlarının eğitimde kullanımına ilişkin okul yöneticilerinin ve öğretmenlerin görüşleri, (Publication No. 339074) [Master thesis, Hacettepe University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center, Turkey.

Nepon, T., Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., & Molnar, D. S. (2011). Perfectionism, negative social feedback, and interpersonal rumination in depression and social anxiety. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 43(4), 297–308. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025032

Öztürk M.F. & Talas M. (2015). Sosyal medya ve eğitim etkileşimi. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken/Journal of World of Turks, 7(1), 101-120.

Prestridge, S. (2019). Categorising teachers’ use of social media for their professional learning: A self-generating professional learning paradigm. Computers & Education, 129, 143-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. compedu.2018.11.003

Poore M (2013). Using social media in the classroom: A best practice guide. SAGE Publications Ltd.

Punch, K. F. (2011). Sosyal Araştırmalara Giriş. (Çev: Dursun Bayrak, H. Bedir Arslan & Zeynep Akyüz). Siyasal Publications.

Ramazanoğlu, M., & Toytok, E. H. (2018). Teacher candidates’ anxieties regarding Facebook usage in education. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(11a), 229-235. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i11a.3820

Ranieri, M., Manca, S., & Fini, A. (2012). Why (and how) do teachers engage in social networks? An exploratory study of professional use of Facebook and its implications for lifelong learning. British journal of educational technology, 43(5), 754-769. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01356.x

Richardson, W. (2009). Blogs, wikis, podcasts, and other powerful web tools for classrooms. Corwin Press.

Sarsar F, Başbay M & Başbay A (2015) Öğrenme-öğretme sürecinde sosyal medya kullanımı. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 418-431.

Seçer, İ. (2013). SPSS ve LISREL ile pratik veri analizi. Anı Publications.

Selwyn, N. & Lyndsay Grant, L. (2009). Researching the realities of social software use – an introduction. Learning, Media and Technology, 34(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/17439880902921907

Seren, M., Çelik, T., Özgeldi, N., & Dumankaya, E. M. (2018). Sosyal medya el kitabı. Orion Publications.

Selfhout, M. H., Branje, S. J., Delsing, M., ter Bogt, T. F., & Meeus, W. H. (2009). Different types of Internet use, depression, and social anxiety: The role of perceived friendship quality. Journal of adolescence, 32(4), 819-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.10.011

Shirky, C. (2011). Shirky, C. (2011). The Political Power of Social Media: Technology, the Public Sphere, and Political Change. Foreign Affairs, 90(1), 28–41. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25800379

Sipahi, B., Yurtkoru, S. E. & Çinko, M. (2010). Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS’le Veri Analizi (3rd Edition). Beta Publications.

Staples, J. (2008). How do I know what I think ‘till I hear what I say?: The role of collaborative discourse in critical (media) literacy development. The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review 15(11), 107-118. https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/CGP/v15i11/45583

Tabachnick BG & Fidell LS (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th Ed.). Pearson Education.

Tiryakioğlu, F. & Erzurum, F. (2011, April). Bir eğitim aracı olarak ağların kullanımı. In 2nd International Conference on New Trends in Education and Their Implications, 27–29.

Twining, P., Raffaghelli, J., Albion, P., & Knezek, D. (2013). Moving education into the digital age: the contribution of teachers' professional development. Journal of computer assisted learning, 29(5), 426-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12031

Turgut, Y. E., & Kursun, E. (2020). Mobile internet experiences of the children in Turkey and European countries: A comparative analysis of internet access, use, activities, skills and risks. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 88, 225-248. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2020.88.10

Uslu, S., & Hamarat, E. (2016). Determination of social studies preservice teachers’ usage purposes of social networks. e-Kafkas Journal of Educational Research, 3(1), 26-35.

Usluel, Y. K., Demir, Ö. & Çınar, M. (2014). Sosyal ağların kullanım amaçları ölçeği. Eğitim Teknolojileri Araştırma Dergisi, 5(2), 1-18.

Veletsianos, G. (2012). Higher education scholars' participation and practices on Twitter. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 28(4), 336-349. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00449.x

Vural, Z. B., & Bat, M. (2010). Social media as a new communication environment: A research on Ege University faculty of communication. Journal of Yaşar Universtiy, 5(20), 3348-3382.

Vu, P., Cao, V., Vu, L., & Cepero, J. (2014). Factors driving learner success in online professional development. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 15(3), 120-139.

Wang, S. S., Moon, S.-I., Kwon, K. H., Evans, C. A., & Stefanone, M. A. (2010). Face off: Implications of visual cues on initiating friendship on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 226–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.10.001

Wakefield, L. T., & Wakefield, R. L. (2018). Anxiety and ephemeral social media use in negative eWOM creation. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 41, 44-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2017.09.005

WAS. (2020). October global statshot report digital 2020. https://wearesocial.com/blog/2020 /10/ social-media-users-pass-the-4-billion-mark-as-global-adoption-soars

Weidman, A.C. & Levinson, C.A. (2015). I’m still socially anxious online: offline relationship impairment characterizing social anxiety manifests and is accurately perceived in online social networking profiles. Computers in Human behaviour, 49, 12-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.045

Weinstein, A. & Lejoyeux, M. (2010). Internet addiction or excessive internet use. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36(5): 277-283. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2010.491880

Whiting, A., & Williams, D. (2013). Why people use social media: A uses and gratifications approach. Qualitative market research: An International Journal, 16(4), 362-369.

Yamamoto G. T., Demiray, U. & Kesim, M. (2010). Türkiye’de e-öğrenme: Gelişmeler ve uygulamalar. Cem Web Publications.

Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. S., Wang, P. W., Chang, Y. H., & Ko, C. H. (2012). Social anxiety in online and real-life interaction and their associated factors. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(1), 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1089%2Fcyber.2011.0015

Yeşim, G. (2017). Sosyal medya halkla ilişkiler, reklam ve pazarlama. Derin Publications.

Zenelaj, B. (2014). Pazarlama stratejisi olarak sosyal medya iletişimi ile kurumsal itibarı oluşturmak: İletişim sektöründe bir araştırma. (Publication No. 377649) [Master thesis, Selçuk University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center, Turkey.

Zgheib, G. & Dabbagh, N. (2013). Exploring perceptions of faculty and students’ use of social media in higher education. In 19th Annual Sloan Consortium-International Conference on Online Learning, 292–303.

Zorbaz, O. (2013). Lise öğrencilerinin problemli internet kullanımının sosyal kaygı ve akran ilişkiler açısından incelenmesi. (Publication No. 339100) [Master thesis, Hacettepe University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center, Turkey.

Additional Files

Published

2023-04-22

How to Cite

Demir, M., Aktı Aslan, S., & Demir, O. (2023). Do Teachers Experience Social Anxiety When Using Social Media?. Psycho-Educational Research Reviews, 12(1), 34–49. https://doi.org/10.52963/PERR_Biruni_V12.N1.04